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Recombinant DNA technology is a groundbreaking scientific method that involves combining DNA molecules from different organisms to produce new genetic combinations with desired traits.

This technology has revolutionized biology, enabling scientists to manipulate genes to study function, develop therapeutic proteins, and engineer organisms for improved efficiency and productivity. The process typically involves isolating a gene of interest, inserting it into a plasmid vector, and introducing the recombinant plasmid into a host organism such as bacteria or yeast. This host then expresses the encoded protein, allowing mass production—an approach central to insulin synthesis, clotting factors, growth hormones, and monoclonal antibodies used in modern medicine. Beyond therapeutics, recombinant DNA technology plays a pivotal role in vaccine development, agricultural biotechnology, gene therapy, and diagnostic research. Genetically modified crops with enhanced nutritional value, resistance to pests, and increased yield are examples of agricultural benefits. Despite its advantages, ethical considerations persist, including biosafety, environmental concerns, and questions surrounding genome editing technology like CRISPR-Cas9. Strict regulations ensure responsible use and public safety. As advancements continue, recombinant DNA technology promises to further enhance healthcare, food security, and scientific innovation, reinforcing its role as a cornerstone of biotechnology and modern molecular science.